What is Diabetes?
Diabetes is a chronic (persistent) disease that occurs as a result of the pancreas not producing enough insulin or the body's inability to effectively use the insulin produced. Insulin is a hormone that allows the sugar in the blood (glucose) to enter cells and be used as energy. Disruption of this function can lead to an increase in blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) and over time can cause serious damage to many systems and organs in the body, especially nerves and blood vessels.
What Are the Common Types of Diabetes?
There are several types of diabetes arising from different causes. The most common ones are Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.
- Type 1 Diabetes: Usually occurring in childhood or adolescence, it is an autoimmune condition where the immune system destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. The body's insulin production is either very low or nonexistent. Regular administration of insulin outside the body is essential for treatment.
- Type 2 Diabetes: The most common type of diabetes, it typically develops in adulthood. The body produces insulin but the cells resist this insulin (insulin resistance) or the amount of insulin produced is insufficient. Genetic predisposition, obesity, unhealthy eating, and a sedentary lifestyle are significant factors in the development of Type 2 diabetes.
Aside from these, there are other types of diabetes such as Gestational Diabetes, which occurs during pregnancy and generally resolves after childbirth.
Main Symptoms
The severity and onset of symptoms vary depending on the type of diabetes, but the commonly observed symptoms are as follows:
- Dry mouth and excessive thirst
- Frequent urination
- Unexplained weight loss
- Persistent fatigue and weakness
- Blurred vision
- Wounds that heal slowly and susceptibility to infections
Importance of Diagnosis and Treatment
Diabetes is diagnosed through blood tests (fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, etc.). Early diagnosis and proper treatment management are crucial in preventing serious complications such as cardiovascular diseases, kidney damage, nerve damage, and vision loss caused by diabetes. Treatment varies by type and includes individual plans involving insulin use, oral medications, medical nutrition therapy, and regular exercise. Diabetes management is a lifelong process requiring regular medical check-ups.
This content has been translated using artificial intelligence technology.